Linked Open Data Enabled Bibliographical Data (LODE-BD) 3.0 : A practical guide on how to select appropriate encoding strategies for producing Linked Open Data Enabled Bibliographical Data
Acknowledgements IV
Abbreviations and acronyms V
Executive summary VII
Background IX
1.
Introduction 1
1.1 Purpose of the LODE-BD guide 4
1.2 Questions addressed 5
1.3 The LODE-BD roadmap 6
1.4 Explanation of terminology 7
2.
General recommendations 9
2.1 M2B: a conceptual model 10
2.2 Groups of common properties 12
2.3 Metadata terms used in the LODE-BD guide: overview 13
3.
Decision trees: recommendations for individual properties 17
3.1 Title information 20
3.1.1 Title/alternative title 20
3.2 Responsible body 22
3.2.1 Creator 22
3.2.2 Contributor 24
3.2.3 Publisher 26
3.2.4 Additional responsible body 27
3.3 Physical characteristics 28
3.3.1 Date 28
3.3.2 Identifier 30
3.3.3 Language 34
3.3.4 Format/medium 36
3.3.5 Edition/version 38
3.3.6 Source 40
3.3.7 Additional source information 41
3.4 Holding/location information 42
3.4.1 Location/availability 42
3.4.2 Additional properties for distribution 43
3.5 Subject information 44
3.5.1 Subject 44
3.6. Description of content 46
3.6.1 Description/abstract/table of contents 46
3.6.2 Type/form/genre 48
3.7 Intellectual property rights 50
3.7.1 Right statements 50
3.7.2 [Additional] intellectual property rights information 51
3.8 Usage 52
3.8.1 Audience/literary indication/education level 52
3.9 Relation 54
3.9.1 Relation between resources 54
3.9.2 Relation between agents 56
4.
The step forward (with further reading) 59
4.1 Implementation options 60
4.2 How to create and consume Linked Data 61
4.3 Where to find vocabularies (metadata vocabularies and value vocabularies) 62
4.4 How to express metadata with different syntaxes: text, html. xml, rdf, and rdfa 63
4.5 Why publish bibliographic data as Linked Data? 64
5.
Standards used 67
6.
References 71
7.
Appendix 77
Crosswalk of metadata terms used in LODE BD and Schema.org terms 78
The Linked Open Data Enabled Bibliographical Data (LODE-BD) practical guide aims to support the selection of appropriate encoding strategies for producing meaningful LOD-BD (directly or indirectly). The guide provides recommendations applicable for structured data, describing bibliographic resources such as articles, monographs, theses, conference papers, presentation materials, research reports, learning objects, in print or electronic format. It also considers the inclusion of metadata that describes research datasets in a bibliographic service. The core component of LODEBD contains a set of recommended decision trees for common properties used in describing a bibliographic resource instance. Each decision tree is delivered with various acting points and the matching encoding suggestions. The full range of options presented by this guide will enable data providers to make their choices according to their development stages, internal data structures, and the reality of their practices.
This practical guide is the latest version of the LODE-BD which was initially issued in 2011 and updated in 2015 (LODE-BD 2.0) with major changes, including a crosswalk of metadata terms used in LODE-BD and Schema.org (see Table 4 and Appendix). In this new version, authors have included metadata describing research data resources, based on the experience of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations’ (FAO) International System for Agricultural Science and Technology (AGRIS) pilot project which integrates research datasets metadata from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and guidance from Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT)-Version 2, a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendation released in February 2020.